## Alice And Bob Decoder

Her first step, is to use her secret prime numbers p and q and the public number e to form another number d,. Crucially. Both Alice and Bob have to compute exponentials mod N. This new equation answer is the shared cipher key. These are publicly shared. As you may observe the keys age, cars, children, etc are arranged in raw_decode(o) - Represent Python dictionary one by one and decode object o. The basic idea used by these codes is that Alice keeps sending linear combinations of symbols until Bob has received enough to decode. Let N be the noise 1. A couple of ping packets sent to an invented IP address (so alice/bob don’t see any direct traffic from eve) suffice todo this # ping -c 5 192. • Bob wants to send an encrypted message to Alice: -Bob generates a new symmetric key 𝑘and encrypts the data with this key (using AES). B' reference system. yNo one but Bob can decrypt the message. Alice and Bob use then randomly chosen polarization bases. For CVQKD protocols, this typically requires estimating the covariance matrix of the bipartite state shared by Alice and Bob. " The SSL/TLS handshake starts immediately after Alice successfully connects to Bob. Alice sends the number ga publicly to Bob. If Eve intercepts the message as it’s being sent. 9 Helpful Hint: Pie out of a stick. With ana-log network coding, Alice and Bob transmit simultaneously to the router, the router relays the interfered signal to Alice and Bob, who decode each oth-ers packets. (a)Alice sends a message to Bob through a communication channel, but an eavesdropper, Eve, is wiretap-ping. In this case, only the Name field of m will be populated, and the Food field Streaming Encoders and Decoders. But that hardly means that Pride is canceled. Glamour French October 1993 Kate Moss Isabelle Huppert Bob Wilson 040220DBE. Decode private key online Decode private key online. Alice and Bob are supposed to be provided with five pairs of spins in the state Φ + by a quantum source (QS). Decoding scenario for quantized values at Alice assumed to be correct A point from the channel distribution is measured by both Alice and Bob, disturbed by different noise con-tributions, σ 2 A and σB, respectively. ,, no one else could have guessed a key and encrypted/sent the. Why does Bob have a better view? Bob is closer in range to Alice Bob utilizes a telescope Communication systems Physical channels to Bob and Eve determine the views of Bob and Eve and their respective resolutions Physical channels are determined by nature Yingbin Liang (Syracuse University) 2014 European IT School April 16, 2014 8 / 132. Since an eavesdropper may attack the qubits traveling on either the Bob-Alice channel or the. Alice, Bob, and Eve A B Alice Bob •Alice wants to send a secret message / binary string to Bob •She cannot risk Eve learning it E My account number is 330495-19A. [DECODE Quantum] A la rencontre de Théau Peronnin et Raphaël Lescanne (Alice&Bob) Pourquoi la Banque centrale du Brésil bloque le projet de paiement via WhatsApp [DECODE Market] connaissez vous l’histoire du NASDAQ? Télécoms: T-Mobile US fixe le prix de vente de ses actions transférées de SoftBank. Anyone attempting to listen in on the conversation by intercepting the altered beam would be stymied, because they’d have no reference against which to decode the message. She sends this number to Bob. The liquid crystals on the path of photon 1 applied no phase dur-ing the dense-coding experiment, but were used along with Bob's liquid crystals to characterize the polarization states. Alice chooses among four different qubits for the encoding (two possible qubits per bit value), while Bob chooses between two possible measurement procedures for the decoding. Bob signed mand not ’. 🛡 Type-safe data validation (inspired by Elm's decoders) for use with Flow or TypeScript. The References for my lab report… includes all the sources I have used in writing my lab report, such as the lab manual, the textbook, and any reference books or articles I cited. The whole communication uses n+ 1-bits message. If they decide to use RSA, Bob must know Alice's public key to encrypt the message and Alice must use her private key to decrypt the message. Bob’s message, m, signed (encrypted) with his private key K B-(m) 24 Digital Signatures (more) Alice verifies msigned by Bob by If K B (K B (m) ) = m, whoever signed mmust have used Bob’s private key. Alice selected private key a = 4 and Bob selected b = 3 as the private key. For each information bit, Alice sends Bob T sec of signal-beam output from a spontaneous parametric down-converter over a pure-loss channel while retaining the idler beam with which it is maximally entangled. ) into a number. his son Gordan Midkiff, Bob Neal and now Richard and Michael Neal. M is provided as an input to the SHA-512 algorithm to get the 512 bit binary hash (represented as 128 bits hexadecimal string) of it. 6- Alice y Bob ahora comparten un secreto s. The Man In the Middle would intercept and, but won't be able to find out neither nor without solving the discrete logarithm problem. –Encoder/decoder share random bits s hidden from channel • [Micali-Peikert-Sudan-Wilson 2006]: public key –Bob, channel have Alice’s public key; only Alice has private key –Alice uses private key to encode m Alice 010100100101 Noisy channel 011100001001 Bob m. Notable divergences: * Obsolete address formats are not parsed, including addresses with embedded route information. Here Alice encodes a long text, and Bob has to decode it into a summary. ) None of the three had it easy. Network’Coding’for’Wireless’Networks’ Conven8onal’ relaying’ 4’8me’slots’ 3sinks Use’of’network’ coding’’ 3’8me’slots’. But they can talk to each other over the phone. They are a great resource for personal, educational or business writing needs. They want to set up encryption for sending messages, so they will need a key. After 15,000 iterations of the scenario, Alice and Bob became adept at developing their own simple encryption technique. But for now, don’t worry about it. They use X as the common sequence W. To decode the received message, Alice or Bob will have to cut and paste the received email into the 'ReceivedMessage' block and the corresponding initiation vector (subject line) into the 'intVector' block and hit the 'Decode Message' button. This means you're free to copy and share these comics (but not to sell them). Alice holds the AC part of each state, Bob holds B, while R represents all other parties correlated with ACB. Alice's "key" is an exponent, a, which she chooses, and then uses it to raise n to. RESULTS The results are shown that the system can indicate to chaotic system. Decode private key online Decode private key online. Suppose Alice and Bob are communicating through the internet. Then Alice selects a private random number, say 15, and calculates three to the power 15 mod 17 and sends this result publicly to Bob. In the later, both terminals exchange information via a wireless channel. Alice will compute the number. It should be essentially impossible for Oscar to decode the message, but Alice can decode the message easily because she knows a secret. Alice and Bob encode information and choose measurement bases by applying phases to the photons appropriate for the BB84 protocol [10] using their respective fast electro-optic phase modulators, which are. The premise of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange is that two people, Alice and Bob, want to come up with a shared secret number. 3 Alice encrypts her plaintext using Bob's public key and sends it to Bob. Intercepting just Alice's qubit isn't enough to decode the message, and as the entangled qubits are pre-shared, the risk of eavesdropping is eliminated. The purpose for splitting up D 2(21502) is to make sure that it is smaller and relatively prime to n 1. Alice and Bob agree upon and make public two numbers g and p, where p is a prime and g is a primitive. A quantum model of thermalization. 1) gridded as shown in Fig. Alice transmit multiple blocks, each containing an encoded version of the secret message, until Bob i nforms Alice about successful decoding by a public error-free return channel. These tokens encode the same information as the policies we did before (bob is alice's manager, betty is charlie's, david is the only HR member, etc). He measures the qubits in the basis according to , resulting in b. The Internet BGP routing protocol uses the MD5 message digest rather than public key encryption to sign BGP messages. The scheme is easy to describe, easy to code, and easy to decode (once you know the trick). Alice's encoding and Bob's decoding both have to be efﬁcient? As it turns out, the affairs of Alice and Bob have been of interest to coding theorists for a long time, and we know quite a bit about the answers to these questions. We assume that the lengths of Xand Yare known to both the encoder and decoder at the outset. Describe a method for Alice to encrypt an m-block message such that it can. Starting from the decoder with Au=2r and Bu=−1, we have the decoding dynamics (k≥2). He would pass on only the original phrases to the googlers—who would never suspect. As you may observe the keys age, cars, children, etc are arranged in raw_decode(o) - Represent Python dictionary one by one and decode object o. Bob - Balbir Singh has 2 jobs listed on their profile. two persons from Dortmund playing music in order to dance. We show that, despite the fact that Alice&Bob-notation does not include explicit control flow constructs, it is possible to make some of these aspects explicit when producing formal protocol. don't know which is the 1st or 2nd & don't know if it matters, after typing about half of the 4 letter combos, the priest says something. The Alice and Bob characters were invented by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman in their 1978 paper "A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-key Cryptosystems". At first, Alice and Bob were apparently bad at hiding their secrets, but over the course of 15,000 attempts Alice worked out her own encryption strategy and Bob simultaneously figured out how to decrypt it. Bob will decode the message by going with what the majority of the bits were. Alice computes. Alice knows that she will want to send a single 128-bit message to Bob at some point in the future. Bob produces the one-way hash of the document received from Alice, decrypts the signature with Alice's public key, and compares the two values. Starting from the decoder with Au=2r and Bu=−1, we have the decoding dynamics (k≥2). Alice and Bob exchange messages using the session key. Alice and Bob only have to agree on the shift. there exists Encoder/Decoder that corrects 𝑝 fraction errors with high probabilitywith Rate →1 −𝐻. Bob receives the RSA-encrypted session key, c, and decrypts to obtain the session key, KS. Computer Security 08. Alice has to read a sentence, which she needs to encode and send to Bob, who then has to try to reconstruct the sentence from Alice's code. Alice aims to reliably send a message M to a remote receiver Bob over an arbitrarily varying channel (AVC) controlled Adversary Encoder Decoder Alice Bob James Fig. This method has been widely used to ensure security and secrecy in electronic communication and particularly where financial transactions are involved. Bob then sends the number gb publicly to Alice. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. The global differences between the variants can be found below. In this method, only one key is used by both Bob and Alice. Discover more every day. Alice has to read a sentence, which she needs to encode and send to Bob, who then has to try to reconstruct the sentence from Alice’s code. Alice and Bob are friends. Bob receives this encrypted message and uses his other key (private key) to decrypt and read that message. Alice and Bob only have to agree on the shift. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, The protocol allows two users to exchange a secret key over an insecure medium without any prior secrets,The Setup Suppose we have two people wishing to communicate: Alice and BobThey do not want Eve (eavesdropper) to know their message. Practice makes perfect. The Plaintext is the message you want to send. More dangerous would be an “active” eavesdropper who could perhaps impersonate Bob to Alice and Alice to Bob (a “man in the middle” attack). In order to start sharing secrets with Bob, Alice needs to know some way of encoding the data such that only Bob can decode it. By comparing measurements of the state of a fraction of these qubits—a process known as “key sifting”—Alice and Bob can establish that they hold the same key. Alice and Bob each establish secret keys with Keys "R" Us and eKeys. Clipart source: Artist Gerald_G, openclipart. Bob computes the ciphertext as $c = c^{\prime} + z$. Type equation here. Alice/Bob send M A 1 / M B 1 and M A 2 / M B 2 to Charlie, and Charlie makes the Bell measurement and announces the results to Alice and Bob. Alice must use the public key of Bob to encrypt the message. Charlie can now do something called a Bell-state measurement, which results in the photons that are with Alice and Bob becoming entangled. class pyspark. Alice uses the decoding algorithm for the code $C$ to decode ${\hat c}$ to ${\hat m}$. putations that Alice and Bob themselves have to perform are much simpler, and can be done efﬁciently. Un- like current APs however, ZigZag subtracts Alice’s packet from the collision signal and try to decode Bob’s packet. Public key v. Eve will know these two numbers, and it won't matter!. Notice the superscript is the lower case variable you chose. Alice and Bob use the original protocol to establish K1 through Keys "R" Us, and use the original protocol through eKeys to establish K2. If Bob received Alice's key over a nonsecure channel, such as a public network, Bob is open to a man-in-the-middle attack. This is transformed into a number using base 256. Alice and Bob only have to agree on the shift. Build Your Own Blockchain – The Basics¶. Name Eve (string) Age 6 (float64) Parents (array): 0 Alice 1 Bob JSON file example. Use case: verifying that you're the one who sent a message. Consider many instances of an arbitrary quadripartite pure state of four quantum systems ACBR. • Protocol must succeed with 100% certainty! Alice’s lab Bob’s lab P(x;u) Encode: s = f (x) N (vjs) Decode. It was another way of putting me down and preying on my insecurities. They use X as the common sequence W. Alice and Bob discard all observations not from these correctly-chosen bases. The homepage of opam, a package manager for OCaml. ) None of the three had it easy. Assume Alice knows Bob’s public key, and Bob knows Alice’s public key. (2) Alice sends the prepared qubits to Bob. Alice and Bob can be people but also clients and servers, peer computers, data stores, network routers, etc. , either 00, 01, 10 or 11) from a sender (often called Alice) to a receiver (often called Bob), by sending only one qubit from Alice to Bob, under the assumption of Alice and Bob pre-sharing an entangled state. The basic rules of the game are essentially still the same. (Kerberos designed for DES). Alice knows that she will want to send a single 128-bit message to Bob at some point in the future. Wolf Alice. In order to start sharing secrets with Bob, Alice needs to know some way of encoding the data such that only Bob can decode it. One solution is for Alice and Bob to work out a "shared secret". Through these public discussions, Eve tries to find out what Alice sent to Bob Finding D,R requires prime factor decomposition. Since no one else knows Bob’s private key, no one else will be able to decode the message. Alice and Bob only have to agree on the shift. Advantages yAlice can communicate without having previously contacted Bob. There are four different variants of the K-Lite Codec Pack. The same key is used to both encode and decode the plaintext. Wolf Alice. Bob’s message, m, signed (encrypted) with his private key K B-(m) 24 Digital Signatures (more) Alice verifies msigned by Bob by If K B (K B (m) ) = m, whoever signed mmust have used Bob’s private key. The next two functions encode and decode a string of ASCII code (such as letters A,B,C, and symbols !,. Alice and Bob decide to use both the same password, farm1990M0O. 1 A MIMO wiretap channel model, deﬁned by a channel gain matrix A = USVH, where A is known to both Alice and Bob. Bob uses a deep convolutional architecture to extract the important bits from the output of Alice. 2) After the completion of the transmission through the quantum channel, Bob tells Alice which phase was chosen by him to detect the photon. The ﬂrst step is for Alice and Bob to agree on a large prime p and a nonzero integer g modulo p. ) Put that chequebook away, there’s more!. If they match, Bob knows that: (i) the document really came from Alice and (ii) the document was not tampered with during transmission. After his father's death in 1973, Bob and his wife Brenda opened their first funeral home in Brinkley, AR. Bob can solve also solve puzzle p, get K and decode her message. propagation from Alice to Bob is identical to the one from Bob to Alice. Alice uses the secret key to write Bob messages (encryption). Use any element the stanza may (or may not) contain to determine which of his elements (see Re-Key Initiation) Alice had received before she sent him the stanza. Willie also has an AWGN channel from Alice. Plus, if a smart MI-6 cryptographer detects suspicious activity and intercepts the ballerina, he might decipher the message. ruetten((ät))googlemail. –Encoder/decoder share random bits s hidden from channel • [Micali-Peikert-Sudan-Wilson 2006]: public key –Bob, channel have Alice’s public key; only Alice has private key –Alice uses private key to encode m Alice 010100100101 Noisy channel 011100001001 Bob m. 3) Alice lets Bob know using the classical channel, whether she chose T a from {0, π} or from {π/2, 3π/2) for the detected photon. The syntax of the CONVERT function is as follows:. Dortmund Hafen. Now Bob needs to decode the message using his private key. At first, Alice and Bob were apparently bad at hiding their. ComputesS = DBob(M) 2. Alice and Bob. # Introduction SleepIQ is a service provided by Select Comfort and sold as an option for Sleep Number beds. With Alice and Bob using Difﬁe-Hellman key exchange to generate a shared key to be used in a public key based cryptosystem, the question is whether an adversary, Eve, can also determine the shared key and hence steal their communique. Decode each line separately: The encoded data usually consist of continuous text, even newlines are converted into their base64 encoded forms. Pride has never looked like this before. Alice will tell Bob. If Bob wanted to read encrypted messages from Alice then he would also need the private key. The liquid crystals on the path of photon 1 applied no phase dur-ing the dense-coding experiment, but were used along with Bob's liquid crystals to characterize the polarization states. Sender (Alice); Receiver (Bob); Attacker (Eve); Message; Alice wants to send a message to Bob without Eve listening. If Alice sends a photon at 90 degrees and Bob uses the 0 degree receiver then Bob gets nothing but if he uses the 45 degree one he gets a photon 1/2 the time. It gets even more inconvenient when Alice and Bob are on opposite sides of an ocean. 9 Helpful Hint: Pie out of a stick. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Alice uses the decoding algorithm for the code $C$ to decode ${\hat c}$ to ${\hat m}$. Trusted third parties not always mutual. As you may observe the keys age, cars, children, etc are arranged in raw_decode(o) - Represent Python dictionary one by one and decode object o. Alice and Bob use a pre-shared key to authenticate the classical communication channel for post-processing36. Bob verifies that the message is sent by Alice itself by generating the signature for the message by a password known to only both of them, and verifying that both signatures match. In order to start sharing secrets with Bob, Alice needs to know some way of encoding the data such that only Bob can decode it. Now Alice and Bob can use the entanglement-based protocol to establish akey. Bob sends Alice the 3. Receives M, S 4. Alice and Bob make the values of p and g public. channel between Alice and Bob. If Alice and Bob use digital money, then the problem gets more complicated. the third party (Merlin) attempts to convince Alice and Bob that the joint input is mapped to 1, and so the communication goes from Merlin to Alice/Bob who generate the output (accept/reject). Get real-time Qanon drops and POTUS tweets. Since the shift is in {1,,25}, they can easily communicate to each other which shift to use. Therefore, we can see that a QC allows for destroying the single most critical part of secure communications: the means to securely communicate decryption keys. Package mail implements parsing of mail messages. 1Do not confuse parameter din the deﬁnition, which is the amount of Eve’s equivocation, with the decoder (). The goal of encryption and decryption is to make it hard (or impossible) for Eve to decrypt the ciphertext while making it easy for Alice to encrypt and Bob to decrypt. Bob uses K to decrypt the message. To try and address this, eve could also try spoofing bob‘s IP address, by running:. Bob tells Alice publicly what sequence of bases were used. but even befor that u start to see the letter/coded message make sence. Vvlyu Atzdk (Hello World). The other qubit from the pair (the lower qubit) is sent unchanged to Bob. Un- like current APs however, ZigZag subtracts Alice’s packet from the collision signal and try to decode Bob’s packet. can decode reliably ; If 𝑘𝑛>𝐶A→B, Bob. " The photons Bob receives and correctly measures make up the secret "key" that is used to decode a subsequent message. Alice decrypts the message and veri es Bob's signature to reveal a value e. Eve can accomplish this in different ways, such as wiretapping Bob or Alice's phone or reading their secure e-mails. He has not done geometry yet. It should be essentially impossible for Oscar to decode the message, but Alice can decode the message easily because she knows a secret. Let’s deﬁne S, the sending algorithm, and R the receiving algorithm, such that: • S : K ×{0,1}φ → {0,1}φ. This means that Bob has some additional information, called. → Bob → Charlie → Alice. アリスアンドボブは「n+linen」を中心にシンプル＆ナチュラルウェアを提案するオンラインストアです. Alice's encoding and Bob's decoding both have to be efﬁcient? As it turns out, the affairs of Alice and Bob have been of interest to coding theorists for a long time, and we know quite a bit about the answers to these questions. " The SSL/TLS handshake starts immediately after Alice successfully connects to Bob. Eve can accomplish this in different ways, such as wiretapping Bob or Alice's phone or reading their secure e-mails. With p = 1 1 and g = 2, suppose Alice and Bob choose private keys S A = 5 and S B = 12, respectively. After his father's death in 1973, Bob and his wife Brenda opened their first funeral home in Brinkley, AR. This is the weird bit—even though everybody has Alice's public key and a copy of the RSA algorithm, she's the only person who can decode it. Or perhaps Alice and Bob have never met, but Alice would would like to send Bob her credit card informa-tion so she can pay for something Bob is selling. Given an RSA key (n,e,d), construct a program to encrypt and decrypt plaintext messages strings. Then, when Bob sends his encrypted documents to Alice, Eve would know exactly what the decryption key is, and she would discover all the information Bob sends to Eve. It was a brilliant insight of Di-e and Hellman that the di-culty of the discrete logarithm problem for F⁄ p provides a possible solution. Alice tells Bob that, after having translated his message into a sequence of numbers, he should then raise each of them to the 103rd power (reduced mod 143). Both Alice and Bob share the same secret key. Bob will decode the message by going with what the majority of the bits were. YHEHHHEHhhhHHheh. Rmax, the maximum rate supported by their channels. So Alice and Bob can operate very fast, though not as fast as with the shift cipher. DescriptionAlice-bob-mallory. Alice will tell Bob. Decode from Base64 or Encode to Base64 with advanced formatting options. They want to set up encryption for sending messages, so they will need a key. Alice owns alicerc, Bob and Cyndy can read it. Suppose Alice shares a secret block cipher key, K_AB with Bob, and a different secret block cipher key, K_AC with Charlie. So Bob hangs up his paint brush and grabs a pen instead, and Alice gets reading. Decode base64 string from 'YmFzZTY0IGRlY29kZXI=' to 'base64 decoder'. Bob can decode the message only when he receives Alice’s altered beam as well as a reference beam, and then correlates the two. the ﬁrst case, when Alice and Bob use overlapping but non-adjacent channels (e. So when Bob encodes a message for Alice, he is really encoding it using Wendy's public key. Gordon’s speech collected the nerdy lore of Alice and Bob: Bob was a stockbroker while Alice was a stock speculator, Alice and Bob tried to defraud insurance companies, Alice and Bob played poker over the phone, Alice tried to hide her financial dealings with Bob from her husband, Alice and Bob are wanted by both the Tax Authority and the Secret Police, and Alice doesn’t trust Bob because of some unknown past experience. Alice is granted a guest role and can perform a GET request to /people. Cryptographic Limitations on Learning Boolean Formulae and Finite Automata MICHAEL KEARNS AT& T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey AND LESLIE VALIANT. Describe a method for Alice to encrypt an m-block message such that it can. Alice and Bob into high-security cells no one has ever escaped from. •authentication is not mutual. Bob sends a message to Alice using K and N. Machine-learning–based analyses can decode the stimulus- and task-induced brain activity patterns that represent specific visual contents. Bob owns bobrc, Cyndy can read and write it, Alice can read it. Alice decodes Bob’s message bits by applying the returned and retained light to the signal and idler ports of a low-gain optical parametric ampliﬁer (OPA), and then doing direct detection on the OPA’s idler-port output fol-. Technically, the message is signed by Alice using her private key and encrypted using Bob's public key. Alice writes down a list of positive integers x1 , x2 , , xn but does not reveal them to Bob, who will try to determine the numbers by asking Alice Then Bob chooses another list of positive integers b1 , b2 , , bn and asks Alice for x1 b1 + x2 b2 +, + xn bn. But for now, Alice and Bob need a well-deserved rest. First, Alice and Bob generate their own private and public keys. アリスアンドボブは「n+linen」を中心にシンプル＆ナチュラルウェアを提案するオンラインストアです. Instead of having a single key k that is used by both Alice and Bob, an asymmetric cryptosystem has a pair of related keys, an encryption key e and a decryption key. Suppose Alice shares a secret block cipher key, K_AB with Bob, and a different secret block cipher key, K_AC with Charlie. Alice decodes the message and then encodes the result with Bob's key to read the original message, a message that could have only been sent by Bob. Bob - Balbir Singh has 2 jobs listed on their profile. This allows Bob to efﬁciently decode Alice’s message. Alice, send Bob a message. In a chosen plaintext attack is Alice and Bob's adversary Eve passive, i. 1: The communication setup by jammer James. This month, Esquire is examining what Pride means. Here Alice encodes a long text, and Bob has to decode it into a summary. Authenticated QKD protocol using one-time ID GSIS / CIST Hwa Yean Lee 2005. Modular Arithmetic and RSA Encryption Stuart Reges Principal Lecturer University of Washington Some basic terminology Alice wants to send a secret message to Bob Eve is eavesdropping Cryptographers tell Alice and Bob how to encode their messages Cryptanalysts help Eve to break the code Historic battle between the cryptographers and the cryptanalysts that continues today Public Key Encryption. No one but Bob can decrypt the message. Bob does not need to be the receiver of the overt communication, but merely must be able to observe it to decode the hidden information. To decrypt the 3, Alice raises it to the power of her private key, 11, which gives 177147. Therefore, we can see that a QC allows for destroying the single most critical part of secure communications: the means to securely communicate decryption keys. We assume that Alice knows in advance whether Bob is a friend or foe and wants to make his task easier or harder,. Maurer derived secrecy by assuming that Alice, Bob, and Eve have access to correlated random vari-ables [3]. We consider the fundamental limits of the secret key generation problem when the sources are randomly excited by the sender and there is a noiseless public discussion channel. Interface. Perhaps Alice and Bob are childhood friends and are plan-ning a surprise birthday party for a mutual friend. Contacts Guide Overview. Finally, Bob sends the number c to Alice. Alice and Bob each start with their own, private, values R and G, as well as a public common value Y. Each public key set is only used once – since Alice and Bob’s calculation is computationally cheap, they can do it again easily by picking new. (Both Alice and Bob were given matching keys with which to encode and decode their conversation. Alice is in charge of sending Bob the recipe, and Bob is responsible for following directions. First, Alice and Bob generate their own private and public keys. JSON handling Add the JSON support module(s) http4s-core does not include JSON support, but integration with three popular Scala JSON libraries are supported as modules. Alice and Bob use a pre-shared key to authenticate the classical communication channel for post-processing36. Ranging from a very small bundle that contains only the most essential decoders to a large and more comprehensive bundle. The following are code examples for showing how to use ethereum. Bob can solve also solve puzzle p, get K and decode her message. Alice decrypts the message and veri es Bob’s signature to reveal a value e. In order to start sharing secrets with Bob, Alice needs to know some way of encoding the data such that only Bob can decode it. "children": [ "Alice", "Bob" ], "married": true, "name": "Ken", "pets": [ "Dog" ] }. Alice and Bob can set up keys just by reading a public directory! Diffie-Hellman key agreement achieved most of the goals. With p = 1 1 and g = 2, suppose Alice and Bob choose private keys S A = 5 and S B = 12, respectively. Works with only ~5% of the harvested power! Suppose Alice wants to send a packet to Bob. Now, Charlie has access to two particles, one from Alice and one from Bob. Find the simplest feature in Alice's encoded data sequence that Bob could use to decode it. 1 A MIMO wiretap channel model, deﬁned by a channel gain matrix A = USVH, where A is known to both Alice and Bob. You can verify it for yourself. decoder and then transmit recovered data to Bob computer via serial communication through serial port. They trade values in front of Eve! 5. Bob can decode the message only when he receives Alice’s altered beam as well as a reference beam, and then correlates the two. Bob, who has the same key as Alice, can decrypt the ciphertext and recover the original message. We exploit this complexity to allow Alice and Bob to securly (and reliably) communicate under the precise cryptographic notion of IND CCA1. Alice and Bob dont have an easy way to set up encryption keys. is nearly uncorrelated with. First Bob buys a padlock and matching key. 0: Alice says “I am Alice” 2-29 Network Security Authentication: another try Protocol ap2. Bob would have to collect the Hawking radiation for half the life of the black hole before being able to decode a. Bob decode f1,f2,,fn Fig. As the qubits travel to their destination, the fragile quantum state of some of them will collapse because of decoherence. communicating parties Alice and Bob: 1. In both cases, Alice and Bob. This implies that, provided Alice and Bob prearrange their understanding of what the measurement methods encode as meaningful information- for instance, measurement X = "Go!"; measurement Y= "Stay. Encoder NA!B Decoder Alice A Bsend Alice’s Lab Brecv Bob Bob’s Lab From [4], the capacity Q(N)>1 H(XAjB) H(ZAjB), for B the output of the channel. Alice and Bob publicly agree to use a modulus p = 23 and g = 5 (which is a primitive root modulo 23, explained later). White (Newcastle University) Cryptography 2016 2 / 1. This time, Alice and Bob don’t ever need to meet. putations that Alice and Bob themselves have to perform are much simpler, and can be done efﬁciently. Alice uses the decoding algorithm for the code $C$ to decode ${\hat c}$ to ${\hat m}$. Thus when they collide, the collision is outside the rate region and is impossible to decode. exploiting the difference in the channels to Bob and Eve (the eavesdropper) [2]. Time period Willie has to monitor is a lot longer than message. A, while Bob will secretly pick a number. Bob receives Alice's qubit (rightmost qubit) and uses his qubit to decode Alice's message. Cryptography. 🛡 Type-safe data validation (inspired by Elm's decoders) for use with Flow or TypeScript. Dans ce nouvel épisode, nous sommes allés à la rencontre des fondateurs de la startup Alice & Bob, Théau Peronnin et Raphaël Lescanne Découvrez les autres. The wiretap channel is a discrete memoryless communication channel introduced by Wyner to model transmission between two legitimate players Alice and Bob in the presence of an eavesdropper Eve. So Bob hangs up his paint brush and grabs a pen instead, and Alice gets reading. (Alice has to compute xe mod N. If Bob wanted to read encrypted messages from Alice then he would also need the private key. If they decide to use RSA, Bob must know Alice's public key to encrypt the message and Alice must use her private key to decrypt the message. We will generally write plaintexts in bold lowercase and ciphertexts in BOLD UPPERCASE. It was a brilliant insight of Di–e and Hellman that the di–culty of the discrete logarithm problem for F⁄ p provides a possible solution. In fact, for any deterministic protocol which answers that question exactly, it needs at least (n) bits of communication. Now Bob has two keys, one (P) published, one (K) keptsecret. The ﬂrst step is for Alice and Bob to agree on a large prime p and a nonzero integer g modulo p. September(19,2015(TACL(at(EMNLP(1 Matt(Gormley(Mark(Dredze(JasonEisner. Then, Alice interprets H, D states as 0 and V, A states as 1. Alice aims to reliably send a message M to a remote receiver Bob over an arbitrarily varying channel (AVC) controlled Adversary Encoder Decoder Alice Bob James Fig. Goal: decode message. * Each team attempts to decode their own message, and intercept the messages of other teams. Alice and Bob. A message encrypted with the public key Pcan onlybe decrypted with theprivate key K. Discover more every day. Use this FREE DIY printable decoder wheel to send & receive secret messages. Slot used by Alice and Bob Fig. After accepting his latest honor, Alice Cooper performed for the New York audience. binary, cereal, store) at all, winery also allows readers to decode values regardless of the current implementation. It is the photon’s property to spin along an axis when it travels, either rectilinearly or diagonally. Often Alice and Bob can't communicate a key in advance in private. This could alert Bob that he is in contact with Alice, and who has been tested positive for COVID-19. – If Alice really did send the message, the output should be plain text. It's a 1969 movie directed by Paul Mazursky (who also co-wrote the scripte) and it stars Natalie Wood, Elliott Gould, Robert Culp and Dyan Cannon. Vvlyu Atzdk (Hello World). Notice the superscript is the lower case variable you chose. Show the new matrix. We are not ready. 9 Helpful Hint: Pie out of a stick. Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice The story concerns a young documentary filmmaker (Robert Culp) and his wife (Natalie Wood) who visit an institute in Southern California which supposedly helps people. The Faster-Than-Light Telegraph That Wasn't. Alice uses Y along with her private value to create RY, and Bob GY. Encryption / Decryption : Alice and Bob (and Eve!) [DRAFT] Overview: * Teams must devise a novel ciphering scheme in a short amount of time. Specifically, Alice takes a random string of bits R = r1, …, rn and encodes each bit in one of two bases, rectilinear R + if she wants a 0 or diagonal R x if she wants a 11. A natural ﬁrst question is: what is the minimum communication required for synchronization?. If the results are the same, they go to Step 3, or Alice and Bob apply theNOTgate to the remaining qubits in their possession. In this example the private key is small, but in real situations when the modulus p is a 300 digit number, the private key will be is upwards of 300 digits. They also agree publicly (and so Eve knows) that their function f. This gives him c n k n = (p n k n) k n = p n (k n k n) = p n 0 = p n; for 1 n. Find your yodel. According to the diagram, Alice ends up with an orangish mix, while Bob’s result is a deeper blue. V-D Proof of Theorem 3. Alice holds the AC part of each state, Bob holds B, while R represents all other parties correlated with ACB. After each new linear combination is sent, Bob will send back an acknowledgement if he can decode her message (i. Alice and Bob need to send secret messages to each other and are discussing ways to encode their messages: Alice: "Let's just use a very simple code: We'll assign 'A' the code word 1, 'B' will be 2, and so on down to 'Z' being assigned 26. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, The protocol allows two users to exchange a secret key over an insecure medium without any prior secrets,The Setup Suppose we have two people wishing to communicate: Alice and BobThey do not want Eve (eavesdropper) to know their message. edu Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA tween Alice and Bob to the AP is h1 and h2 respectively. putations that Alice and Bob themselves have to perform are much simpler, and can be done efﬁciently. Alice wishes to send a secure message to Bob. We are the news now! Bob Goodlatte Brett Kavanaugh POTUS (Q+) Retweets Another Qanon Follower/Decoder. Unlike the setting in [1],. He chooses to use the random number r = 129381. Alice was to send a message to. Years later I found a few Alice and Jerry books in yard sales and it was like finding old friends. Feel free to contact. tion of Alice (and Bob), at most 1 bit of secret key is needed for each Gaussian source symbol Bob’s decoder fgi: MS B i 7!Yg n i=1 Eve’s decoder fti: MS E i. Alice encrypts S with Bob's public key B pub to obtain B pub (S). Alice and Bob use then randomly chosen polarization bases. Alice invents a secret key S. If it is intercepted, the message m’ cannot be decrypted without knowledge of the private key p. 2 measurements should suffice with the qubits that already exist but I am confused on how to proceed. If Alice sends a photon at 90 degrees and Bob uses the 0 degree receiver then Bob gets nothing but if he uses the 45 degree one he gets a photon 1/2 the time. Information May Leak from Black Holes at Dial-Up Speeds Alice and Bob. 1: The communication setup by jammer James. Encryption / Decryption : Alice and Bob (and Eve!) [DRAFT] Overview: * Teams must devise a novel ciphering scheme in a short amount of time. The experiment started with a plain-text message that Alice converted into unreadable gibberish, which Bob could decode using cipher key. The basic rules of the game are essentially still the same. Starting from the decoder with Au=2r and Bu=−1, we have the decoding dynamics (k≥2). Show the new matrix. Alice must inform Bob of the session key, since this is the shared secret key they will use for DES. Notice the superscript is the lower case variable you chose. (4) Alice announces. Scrolller is an endless random gallery gathered from the most popular subreddits. (iii) Parameter estimation: This step is useful to obtain an upper bound on the information available to Eve. Focusing on the details of a concrete example will provide a deeper understanding of the strengths and limitations of blockchains. We show that, despite the fact that Alice&Bob-notation does not include explicit control flow constructs, it is possible to make some of these aspects explicit when producing formal protocol. the ﬁrst case, when Alice and Bob use overlapping but non-adjacent channels (e. It is the photon’s property to spin along an axis when it travels, either rectilinearly or diagonally. Bob recieves the message. The opening of the show says that it is the Harris' last day in Palm Springs would make more sense for 500402. Elm-inspired decoders for Ocaml. reads a stream of JSON objects from a Reader (strings. The second sender (Bob) then already has Alice's state at the decoder, and can send. Obviously, Charlie will want to double check with Bob the address is really his - same as with Bitcoin. Bob owns bobrc, Cyndy can read and write it, Alice can read it. Alice, compute SecretKeyA = B a mod p = B a mod 541. acier aeric alert alice aliet alite alter areic arett ariel arite artel artic atilt atter attic attle caret carle carli carte catel cater ceral cerat ceria cital. Alice and Bob exchange messages using the session key. Suppose Bob would like to send Alice a message, M = 65 using the RSA algorithm. ,, no one else could have guessed a key and encrypted/sent the. Optimal Quantum Source Coding With Quantum Side Information at the Encoder and Decoder Alice holds the AC part of each state, Bob holds B, while R represents all other parties correlated with ABC. If Alice chooses to transmit, she encodes information into a vector of real symbols f = ff ign i=1 and uses random slot t A to send it on an AWGN channel to Bob (to ensure reliable decoding t A is secretly shared with Bob before the transmission. Since the shift is in {1,,25}, they can easily communicate to each other which shift to use. However, both Alice and Bob are pretty sure someone else has been reading their messages. The Alice and Bob characters were invented by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman in their 1978 paper "A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-key Cryptosystems". m3: Alice to Bob: ticket, challenge to Bob – challenge, has N2 encrypted with Kab. Alice wishes to send a secure message to Bob. 00 now, whereas before he had zero. Meeting at a bar to exchange keys is inconvenient, though. Upon receipt of $c$, Alice performs the following steps to decrypt the message: Alice computes the inverse of $P$ — $P^{-1}$. The problem facing Alice in this scenario, however, is that there is no more reason to trust an e-mail message purporting to be from Bob that says here is my public key than. Alice can decode data with pkB, because the encryption and decryption in the algorithms are interchangeable, and knows that the message must be from Bob. µmoachievesthisop- eration with neither channel estimation nor digital computation. Here, it should be stressed that photons in LM05 cover twice the distance they cover in BB84. Alice and Bob show how a Caesar cipher works to encrypt and decrypt messages. Thus when they collide, the collision is outside the rate region and is impossible to decode. Alice implements (the CNOT gate on qubit 1 and qubit 0) and then while Bob performs and then. Prove that, in general, Alice and Bob obtain the same symmetric key, that is, prove S = S´. The online store for the most exclusive perfumes and fragrances since 1937. This new equation answer is the shared cipher key. You can verify it for yourself. For Bob and Alice to communicate securely in this scenario, they first have to physically meet and establish the identical key, or, maybe, transfer the key. 0402 0402 0269 6410 046e 616d 6514 [{ id :: Integer, name :: Text }] 0200 0541 6c69 6365 0103 426f 62 [(0, "Alice"), (1, "Bob")] Unlike other libraries that don’t preserve metadata (e. Alice and Bob need to send secret messages to each other and are discussing ways to encode their messages: Alice: "Let's just use a very simple code: We'll assign 'A' the code word 1, 'B' will be 2, and so on down to 'Z' being assigned 26. Feel free to contact. Bob could decode each bit of Alice’s code faster than light could have traveled between them. It's a 1969 movie directed by Paul Mazursky (who also co-wrote the scripte) and it stars Natalie Wood, Elliott Gould, Robert Culp and Dyan Cannon. alice = RSAPerson(0x10001, 38456719616722997, 44106885765559411) bob = RSAPerson(0x10001, 49662237675630289, 62515288803124247) ` Let's try decrypting the messages now. 2 Setup and Block Diagram Problem statement. Define a OPA policy. Alice has to read a sentence, which she needs to encode and send to Bob, who then has to try to reconstruct the sentence from Alice’s code. Jason Baldridge UT Austin Language and Computers Many slides used from Chris Brew's Codes and Code Breaking course at OSU, Alice, Bob, and Eve Alice wants to send a message to Bob, and Eve is trying to and then the decoder uses a cylinder of the same diameter to reveal the message. They also agree publicly (and so Eve knows) that their function f. A major advance in cryptography is the modern development of asymmetric (also called 2-key or public key) cryptosystems. a message that only Alice can decode. Join Facebook to connect with Bob Lombard and others you may know. I List decoding to the rescue!. The References for my lab report… includes all the sources I have used in writing my lab report, such as the lab manual, the textbook, and any reference books or articles I cited. Frame from Alice to APa and that of Bob to APb collide. For CVQKD protocols, this typically requires estimating the covariance matrix of the bipartite state shared by Alice and Bob. Her African American, Anglo, Native American, and Creole heritage contributed to her complex understandings of gender, race, and ethnicity, subjects she often addressed in her work. Alice will compute the number. 2 Bob sends Alice his public key, or Alice gets it from a public database. You can verify it for yourself. Alice and Bob make the values of p and g public. Alice must inform Bob of the session key, since this is the shared secret key they will use for DES. But that hardly means that Pride is canceled. The ﬂrst step is for Alice and Bob to agree on a large prime p and a nonzero integer g modulo p. The example that you have stated provides confidentiality. We are now ready. In the example above, Alice would transmit the string 0100000101000001. But they can talk to each other over the phone. propagation from Alice to Bob is identical to the one from Bob to Alice. This is a chicken and egg problem; if the data was encoded, changing. Alice uses a key (public key) Bob gave her beforehand. We assume that Alice knows in advance whether Bob is a friend or foe and wants to make his task easier or harder,. Polar codes, LDPC can be used. Alice and Bob use then randomly chosen polarization bases. The next two functions encode and decode a string of ASCII code (such as letters A,B,C, and symbols !,. Toyota Careers. Alice creates a three qubit system in GHZ state ( 000 111) 2 1 +, sending the third qubit to Bob. It gets even more inconvenient when Alice and Bob are on opposite sides of an ocean. Bob sends a message to Alice using K and N. If Alice can observe and manipulate an existing overt communication from an innocent sender that reaches Bob, she can insert a covert channel into it. exploiting the difference in the channels to Bob and Eve (the eavesdropper) [2]. Alice has to read a sentence, which she needs to encode and send to Bob, who then has to try to reconstruct the sentence from Alice’s code. Alice and Bob can now use this private key of 2 to encode and decode messages. Suppose Bob would like to send Alice a message, M = 65 using the RSA algorithm. NNWNNWWSSWWNNNNWWN Three ways to encode the safe route from Bob to Alice are:. Name Eve (string) Age 6 (float64) Parents (array): 0 Alice 1 Bob JSON file example. Alice Decodes the Message. They are a great resource for personal, educational or business writing needs. Alice receives the message and retrieves Bob’s public key and uses this to decode the message. No one but Bob can decrypt the message. "children": [ "Alice", "Bob" ], "married": true, "name": "Ken", "pets": [ "Dog" ] }. If you want to inspect their contents, start up the OPA REPL and execute io. Note: this example comes from Wikipedia. (4) Alice announces. Your secret decoder wheel has arrived and your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to send and receive secret messages to your friends. Use this FREE DIY printable decoder wheel to send & receive secret messages. The signal received by Eve and Alice is a mixture version from T and Bob. Only Alice has access to her corresponding Private Key and as a result is the only person with the capability of decrypting the encrypted data back into its original form. (Kerberos designed for DES). Alice will tell Bob. The experiment hasn't yielded results so far, but it's telling. Alice tells Bob, hey, I did this. In public key cryptosystems there are two keys, a public one used for encryption and and private one for decryption. (HINT: draw a diagram!) (HINT: draw a diagram!) QUESTION: Manchester encoding may be thought of as a "1B/2B" code , since each data bit gets expanded into a two-bit channel code symbol of. † Alice calculates c = mE and sends it. Receives M, S 4. Alice sends the document along with the signature to Bob. exploiting the difference in the channels to Bob and Eve (the eavesdropper) [2]. So Bob hangs up his paint brush and grabs a pen instead, and Alice gets reading. They also agree publicly (and so Eve knows) that their function f. Alice can easily email a picture of her cat to her friend Bob – the picture is coded in strings of 1s and 0s and transferred from Alice’s computer, via the internet, until a copy winds up on Bob’s. RSA code is used to encode secret messages. • Bob already has some side information u regarding Alice’s message x. Encoder Decoder Alice 1 Bob network bits {0,1} code {C 10,C 11} bits {0,1} Key (wbits) Scram Descram Key (wbits) Bob 1 Key (wbits) Key (wbits) Overview of [Menendez2005]’s system Encoding proceeds in three steps Mapping: Each Alice maps an electronic bit to a unique optical codeword Combining: Combine the optical signals from each Alice. Viterbi Alice and Bob are working together to bake some treats while they are home for winter break. (4) Alice announces. The Wiretap Channel Degraded [Wyner 1975], General [Csisz´ar-K¨orner 1978] M (nRbits) Alice Xn P Y,Z|X Yn Zn Bob Eve Mˆ M Secrecy-Capacity: Goldfeld, Cuﬀ and Permuter Ben-Gurion University. Base58 Encode, Decode, and Validate. There are really only two non-trivial things that Alice and Bob have to do: 1. This means that Bob has some additional information, called. Both should check each other key validity using an external procedure before using such encryption/signing, e. Alice uses the public key to lock ((yp); pencrypt); Bob uses the private key to unlock (decrypt). Bob performs a Bell-basis measurement to decode Alice's information. Harvey 2017 22. * Each team nominates a 'transmitter', who attempts to securely send a given message back to their team. Alice derives a stealth one-time public key Stealth b  as follows: Alice decodes the Base58  privacy address of Bob to have the public spend S b  and public view V b  key of Bob. Alice wanted to pass Bob some secret messages. Alice knows that she will want to send a single 128-bit message to Bob at some point in the future. Alice is required to redistribute the C systems to Bob while asymptotically retaining the purity of the global states. This is a job for public-key cryptography. Mallory can spoof one of the participants, add, modify or delete actual messages, hijack the connection, do a denial of service, inject malware, etc. We are the news now! Bob Goodlatte Brett Kavanaugh POTUS (Q+) Retweets Another Qanon Follower/Decoder. * Each team nominates a 'transmitter', who attempts to securely send a given message back to their team. Alice picks. Alice and Bob agree on a protocol, so that only Bob knows how to decrypt, i. Say that Alice, Bob, and Eve know how to multiply numbers, but they don’t know how to divide. [DECODE Quantum] A la rencontre de Théau Peronnin et Raphaël Lescanne (Alice&Bob) Pourquoi la Banque centrale du Brésil bloque le projet de paiement via WhatsApp [DECODE Market] connaissez vous l’histoire du NASDAQ? Télécoms: T-Mobile US fixe le prix de vente de ses actions transférées de SoftBank. If Alice were to require Bob to authenticate himself using ap5. Pride has never looked like this before. The qubits can be sent to Bob through a fiber-optic cable. If Alice chooses to transmit, she encodes information into a vector of real symbols f = ff ign i=1 and uses random slot t A to send it on an AWGN channel to Bob (to ensure reliable decoding t A is secretly shared with Bob before the transmission. , computes c = (KS)emod n. This gives him c n k n = (p n k n) k n = p n (k n k n) = p n 0 = p n; for 1 n. Alice has to read a sentence, which she needs to encode and send to Bob, who then has to try to reconstruct the sentence from Alice’s code. The opening of the show says that it is the Harris' last day in Palm Springs would make more sense for 500402. Then if Alice wishes to send a message to Bob she can simply solve puzzle p and extract its key K as above. Bob does the same. Clipart source: Artist Gerald_G, openclipart. -Bob decode f 1;:::;f n Fig. The correct 50-03-26 is Alice's Palm Springs Weekend. Optimal quantum source coding with quantum side information at the encoder and decoder Jon Yard , Igor Devetaky Abstract—Consider many instances of an arbitrary quadripar-tite pure state of four quantum systems ACBR. Bob computes. - nvie/decoders. 22 N/S cont. In the classical symmetric-key cryptography setting, Alice and Bob have met before and agreed on a secret key, which they use to encode and decode message, to produce authen-tication information and to verify the validity of the authentication information. The Plaintext is the message you want to send. Alice receives the deeper blue, while Bob is sent the orange-colored paint. Follow Alice Isn't Dead on Twitter and. Bob would have to collect the Hawking radiation for half the life of the black hole before being able to decode a. Since no one else knows Bob’s private key, no one else will be able to decode the message. Suppose Alice shares a secret block cipher key, K_AB with Bob, and a different secret block cipher key, K_AC with Charlie. If Alice can observe and manipulate an existing overt communication from an innocent sender that reaches Bob, she can insert a covert channel into it. Asymmetric encryption uses different keys for encryption and decryption. Let’s deﬁne S, the sending algorithm, and R the receiving algorithm, such that: • S : K ×{0,1}φ → {0,1}φ. If Alice and Bob then each add a third, identical polarisation angle, they can use this extra bit, which they know they must share, to encode the cryptographic key. later time Alice declares the choice and provides Bob with sufficient information to decode the quantum state. Textbooks often use Alice and Bob to represent two parties involved in message exchanges. (3) Bob generates a random of length (2 + 3 )n. Alice is granted a guest role and can perform a GET request to /people. In these systems, anyone may use the public key to encode a message; but only someone who posesses the private key can decode the message. Alice holds the AC part of each state, Bob holds B, while R represents all other parties correlated with ACB. If Alice were to require Bob to authenticate himself using ap5. Alice decodes the message and then encodes the result with Bob's key to read the original message, a message that could have only been sent by Bob. Alice and Bob are fictional characters originally invented to make research in cryptology easier to understand.
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